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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an important oilseed crop grown worldwide for its high-quality edible oil and as a source of livestock feed.
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It is a short-duration crop with high adaptability, making it suitable for cultivation in various agro-climatic conditions.
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Helianthus annuus is an annual flowering plant with a big daisy-like flower face.
- The terms helios ("sun") and anthos ("flower") are derived from the Greek words helios ("sun") and anthos ("flower").
- The blooms appear in a variety of hues (yellow, red, orange, maroon, and brown).
- The most frequent are brilliant yellow with brown cores that develop into heavy seed heads.
- Soil Type: Grows well in sandy loam, loamy, and black soils with good drainage.
- pH Range: 6.0–7.5 is ideal. It can tolerate slight alkalinity but not highly acidic soils.
- Soil Fertility: Requires moderate fertility; responds well to organic matter and fertilizers.
- Temperature: 20–30°C is ideal for germination, growth, and seed filling.
- Sunlight: Requires full sunlight for at least 6–8 hours daily.
- Rainfall: Prefers 500–700 mm of well-distributed rainfall; excessive moisture can cause fungal diseases.
- Drought Tolerance: Moderately drought-tolerant but needs water during the flowering and seed development stages.
1. Water Requirement of Sunflower Crop
- Sunflower requires 400-600 mm of water during its life cycle.
- Critical growth stages for irrigation:
- Germination & Establishment (0-20 days)
- Vegetative Stage (20-45 days)
- Bud Formation (45-55 days) – Critical
- Flowering & Pollination (55-70 days) – Most Critical
- Seed Filling (70-90 days) – Important
- Maturity (90-120 days) – Minimal water needed
2. Irrigation Scheduling
- Pre-sowing irrigation: One deep irrigation before sowing ensures uniform germination.
- Vegetative stage: 1-2 irrigations if there is no rainfall.
- Bud formation to flowering: This is the most crucial stage. Lack of water here affects yield significantly. Irrigate at least twice during this period.
- Seed filling: One irrigation helps in proper grain development.
- Maturity stage: Stop irrigation 10-15 days before harvesting to avoid lodging and disease issues.
3. Irrigation Methods
- Flood Irrigation: Used in heavy soils but can cause waterlogging.
- Drip Irrigation: Most efficient, saves water, and provides nutrients through fertigation.
- Sprinkler Irrigation: Useful in sandy soils and dry regions.
4. Water Management Tips
- Use mulching to conserve soil moisture.
- Irrigate during early morning or late evening to reduce evaporation losses.
- Monitor soil moisture using tensiometers or feel-method to optimize irrigation.
FOR IRRIGATION :
Irrigate your field with Power Plant Bhoomi power, Premium, and Root guard.
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BHOOMI POWER 4KG/ACRE |
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POWER PLANT PREMIUM 1 LITRE/ ACRE |
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ROOT GUARD 2 KG/ACRE |
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HOW TO USE IT?
Use Bhoomi power by following methods.
1. By broadcasting over the field.
2. Use in slurry.
3. Give it in cow dung.
4. you can also give it in dry soil.
Note: Repeat Bhoomi power and Root guard every 3 months.
Land Preparation
- Plough the field 2-3 times to achieve a fine tilth.
- Maintain a levelled field to ensure proper water management.
Sowing
- Time:
- Kharif season: June-July
- Rabi season: January-February
- Spring season: September-October
- Spacing: 45 × 30 cm (row × plant distance)
- Seed Rate: 8-10 kg/ha
PRODUCT RECOMMENDED:
Treat the bulbs of the banana plants with Power Plant Seed Treatment.
1. DEFICIENCY OF BORON
- B-deficient plants are initially darker green and stunted.
- Leaves progressively become smaller, and upper leaves become puckered and deformed.
- Grey-brown streaks may develop on upper stems and capitula.
- Buds may abort, or heads will display hypertrophy (petals forming in center of head), resulting in poor and uneven seed set.
- Stems may snap off just below head.
TREATMENT :
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Use NITROKING 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use BLOOM 2 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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2. DEFICIENCY OF CALCIUM
- Symptoms appear on both younger and older leaves.
- Ca deficiency slows expansion of young leaves which appear crinkled or wilted.
- Darkened areas of petioles and major veins on underside of older leaves.
TREATMENT :
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Use Calcium EDTA 0.5 gm per litre of water |
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Use Grow 2 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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3. DEFICIENCY OF COPPER
- Cu deficiency causes a reduction in stem elongation.
- Fully expanded, older leaves remain dark green and shiny and become cupped.
- Emerging young leaves are severely crinkled, thickened and are grey-green.
- The roots of potted plants become excessively branched.
TREATMENT :
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Use Copper EDTA 0.5 gm per litre of water |
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Use Grow 2 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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4. DEFICIENCY OF IRON
- Symptoms seldom occur in the field, but may be seen in plants grown in liquid solution culture.
- Initial symptoms appear in young leaves as a pale yellow, interveinal chlorosis.
- Severe Fe deficiency results in leaf distortion and leaf necrosis.
TREATMENT :
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Use Feric EDTA 0.5 gm per litre of water |
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Use Grow 2 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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5. DEFICIENCY OF MAGNESIUM
- Initial symptoms include a mild mottled chlorosis, followed by bronzing and downward cupping of older leaves.
- Symptoms are more severe on older than younger leaves.
- As Mg deficiency increases, older leaves often develop marked interveinal chlorosis and necrotic margins.
TREATMENT :
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Use NITROKING 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use Grow 2 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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6. DEFICIENCY OF MANGANESE
- Mn-deficient plants usually have thin, spindly stems.
- Initially, younger leaves of plants with Mn deficiency have small chlorotic spots that do not coalesce (merge).
- With increasing severity, the small chlorotic spots turn into pale brown necrotic spots surrounded by a yellow ring/halo.
- Young and recently matured leaves also develop an upward curling of the leaf margins.
TREATMENT :
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Use Manganese EDTA 0.5 gm per litre of water |
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Use Grow 2 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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7. DEFICIENCY OF MOLYBEDNUM
- Symptoms occur in young seedlings, often within a few days of emergence.
- Seedlings have upward cupped leaves that are chlorotic, especially between the major veins.
- In severe instances, leaf margins turn necrotic.
- Mo is easily translocated and symptoms are seen on the entire plant.
TREATMENT :
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Use NITROKING 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use Grow 2 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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8. DEFICIENCY OF NITROGEN
- N deficiency may occur in plants of all ages.
- A general chlorosis of leaves is the most characteristic symptom of N deficiency.
- Older leaves often become increasingly yellow and develop a marginal pale-yellow to light-brown necrosis.
- N deficiency may result in young seedlings with thin, elongated stems and small, pale leaves.
TREATMENT :
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Use NITROKING 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5ml per litre of water |
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9. DEFICIENCY OF PHOSPHOROUS
- Localized and dark gray necrosis of older leaves is the most characteristic symptom.
- Older leaves die as P deficiency increases in severity.
- P-deficient plants are stunted and heads are smaller.
TREATMENT :
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Use NITROKING 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5ml per litre of water |
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10. DEFICIENCY OF POTASSIUM
- Early symptoms appear as interveinal chlorosis on edges of older leaves.
- Results in chlorosis spreading between major veins towards the midrib.
- Pale brown necrosis follows marginal chlorosis.
- Younger leaves remain healthy even with severe K deficiency.
- Affected plants are stunted.
TREATMENT :
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Use NITROKING 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5ml per litre of water |
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11. DEFICIENCY OF SULFUR
- S deficiency occurs in plants of all ages.
- In seedlings, the main symptom is an interveinal chlorosis of young leaves with no leaf distortion.
- In older plants, S deficiency causes stunting and spindly growth, and leaves are chlorotic with necrotic leaf margins.
TREATMENT :
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Use NITROKING 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5ml per litre of water |
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12. DEFICIENCY OF ZINC
- Initial symptoms are small, thin leaves that otherwise appear healthy at the growing point.
- Chlorosis of youngest leaves may occur as Zn deficiency intensifies, followed by sudden wilting and bronzing.
TREATMENT :
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Use Zinc EDTA 0.5 gm per litre of water |
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Use Grow 2 ml per litre of water |
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Use SPALL90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
1. ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT
TREATMENT :
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Use PPFC 2-3 gm per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
2. POWDERY MILDEW
TREATMENT :
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Use PPFC 2-3 gm per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
3. RUST
TREATMENT :
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Use PPFC 2-3 gm per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
4. SEPTORIA LEAF SPOT AND BLIGHT
TREATMENT :
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Use PPFC 2-3 gm per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
5. DOWNY MILDEW
TREATMENT :
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Use PPFC 2-3 gm per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
6. PHOMPHOSIS STEM CANKER
TREATMENT :
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Use PPFC 2-3 gm per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
7. PHOMA BLACK STEM
TREATMENT :
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Use PPFC 2-3 gm per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
1. RHIZOPUS HEAD ROT
TREATMENT :
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Use Fungohit 2-3ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
2. BACTERIAL LEAF ROT
TREATMENT :
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Use Fungohit 2-3ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
3. SCLEROTONIA HEAD ROT
TREATMENT :
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Use Fungohit 2-3ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
4. BACTERIAL STALK ROT
TREATMENT :
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Use Fungohit 2-3ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
5. CHARCOAL ROT
TREATMENT :
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Use Fungohit 2-3ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
6. FUSARIUM ROT AND STEM ROT
TREATMENT :
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Use Fungohit 2-3ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
7. SCLEROTONIA MID-END ROT
TREATMENT :
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Use Fungohit 2-3ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
8. SCLEROTONIA WILT/BASAL ROT
TREATMENT :
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Use Fungohit 2-3ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE
9. VERTICILLUM ROT
TREATMENT :
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Use Fungohit 2-3ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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3. VIRAL DISEASES
NEBRASKA /SUNFLOWER MOSAIC VIRUS
TREATMENT :
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Use Virohit 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use virosol 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use PPNP 1 ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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4. PEST : CHEWING PEST
1. CUTWORM
TREATMENT :
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Use Pestohit 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use PPNP 1 ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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4. PEST : CHEWING PEST
2. SUNFLOWER BETTLE
TREATMENT :
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Use Pestohit 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use PPNP 1 ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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4. PEST : CHEWING PEST
3. SUNFLOWER MOTH
TREATMENT :
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Use Pestohit 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use PPNP 1 ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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4. PEST : CHEWING PEST
4. CUTWORM
TREATMENT :
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Use Pestohit 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use PPNP 1 ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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4. PEST : CHEWING PEST
CAPTICULUM BORER
TREATMENT :
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Use Pestohit 2-3 ml per litre of water |
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Use PPNP 1 ml per litre of water |
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Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water |
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