Green Planet

INTRODUCTION

Rice, (Oryza sativa), edible starchy cereal grain and the grass plant (family Poaceae) by which it is produced.

Roughly one-half of the world population, including virtually all of East and Southeast Asia, is wholly dependent upon rice as a staple food.

95 percent of the world’s rice crop is eaten by humans. Rice is cooked by boiling, or it can be ground into a flour.

REQUIREMENTS

Soil - Alluvial or heavy clay soil

Temperature - 20°C and 37°C

pH - 6.9-7.5

Rainfall - Annual rainfall between 175—300 cm

IRRIGATION

Irrigation is an important stage in paddy crop. Sufficient availability of irrigation is very important for paddy crop. In food grain crops, it requires more water rather than other crops. In paddy crop, 1500-2500 mm water is required.

Direct sowing varieties require less water than transplanting varieties. For direct sowing varieties, irrigation should be done at the interval of 7-8 days.

It is necessary to fill the water in paddy field up to 4-5 cm after 2-3 week of transplanting because it increases nutrient availability and weed outbreak also reduces in the land.

Along with that there should be a proper arrangement of drainage in the field because more water causes insect and disease, by which crop production decreases.

Note - In paddy crop, moisture is necessary at the time of tillering and booting stage. If there is a lack of moisture at these stages, then irrigate in crop is compulsory. At this time, water should not be filled more than 4-5 cm otherwise crop is affected from it. In rainy season, irrigate according to requirement. Before 15 days of harvesting, remove the water from the field and stop irrigation.

CULTIVATION

The following are the principal systems of rice cultivation:

1. Dry or semi-dry upland cultivation

(a) Broadcasting the seed

(b) Sowing the seed behind the plough or drill

2. Wet or lowland cultivation

(a) Transplanting in puddle soils

(b) Broadcasting sprouted seeds in puddle soils

NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

1. DEFICIENCY OF NITROGEN

Nitrogen deficiency is the most commonly detected nutrient disorder observed in rice.

Old leaves and sometimes all leaves become light green and chlorotic at the tip.

Leaves die under severe stress. Except for young leaves, which are greener, deficient leaves are narrow, short, erect, and lemon yellowish. The entire field may appear yellowish.

Nitrogen deficiency often occurs at critical growth stages such as tillering and panicle initiation, when the demand for N is large.

TREATMENT :

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

2. DEFICIENCY OF PHOSPHORUS

Stunted, dark green plants with erect leaves and reduced tillering may signal P deficiency.

Leaves are narrow, short, very erect, and ‘dirty’ dark green.

Stems are thin and spindly, and plant development is retarded.

The number of leaves, panicles, and grains per panicle may also be reduced.

Young leaves may appear to be healthy, but older leaves turn brown and die.

TREATMENT :

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

3. DEFICIENCY OF POTASSIUM

While K does not have a pronounced effect on tillering, it does affect the number of spikelets per panicle, percentage of filled grains, and grain weight.

Potassium improves the rice plant’s tolerance of adverse climatic conditions, lodging, insect pests, and diseases.

Deficiency symptoms tend to occur in older leaves first, because K is very mobile within the plant and is translocated to young leaves from old senescing leaves.

Often, yield response to K fertilizer is observed only when the supplies of other nutrients, especially N and P, are sufficient.

TREATMENT :

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

4. DEFICIENCY OF ZINC

Zinc deficiency symptoms are more common on young or middle-aged leaves.

Dusty brown spots appear on upper leaves of stunted plants, sometimes two to four weeks after transplanting, with uneven plant growth and patches of poorly established hills.

Under severe deficiency, tillering decreases and time to crop maturity may be increased.

TREATMENT :

Use Ferric EDTA

0.5-01 gm per litre

of water

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

5.DEFICIENCY OF CALCIUM

Calcium combines with pectin in the plant to form calcium pectate, which is an essential constituent of the cell-wall.

It also promotes the activity of soil bacteria concerned with the fixation of free nitrogen or the formation of nitrates from organic forms of nitrogen.

Furthermore, it is necessary for the development of a good root system.