MUSTARD

INTRODUCTION
  • Brassicaceae is a family of Brassica plants.
  • Cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and mustards belong to the Brassica (Brassicaceae) family.
  • Oilseed brassica is grown throughout India, but it is most prevalent in four states (Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh).
  • Mustard seeds are in two colors one is white and another one is brown mustard seeds are approximately spherical in shape, finely pitted, odorless while whole, and spicy in flavor.
  • White mustard seeds are pale yellow in color and have a diameter of 2.5 mm (0.1 inches).
  • Brown mustard seeds are about the same size as white mustard seeds, but they are a darker yellow color.
REQUIREMENTS

• Soils- Sandy to heavy clay soil is suitable for the mustard crop but alluvial loam is the best soil for mustard cultivation.

• pH- 4.3 to 8.3.

• Temperature- 15° C to 25°C.

• Rainfall- Annual rainfall of more than 600-1000 mm.

• Climate- Cold weather.

IRRIGATION
  • Mustard is a crop that takes 110-120 days to mature. Mustard needs about 31-40 cm of water to grow.
  • The initial watering should be given around 30 days after seeding, at the blossoming stage.
  • The second irrigation should be given around 60-65 days after sowing, when the pods are starting to form.
  • Mustard is irrigated as a maincrop when planted as part of a mixed crop.
  • Pure mustard is cultivated as an unirrigated crop in several regions.
  • At the blooming and grain development stages, the Mustard crop is extremely vulnerable to a lack of soil moisture.
  • After 25 days of seeding, one irrigation is required.
  • The crop should be irrigated if it rains a few days before or after the scheduled irrigation time.
  • A good water drainage system is required in mustard crop fields.
  • The mustard plant is extremely sensitive to waterlogging.
  • If there is only one irrigation available, it should be applied 30 to 35 days after sowing.
CULTIVATION
  • A good seedbed was essential for successful crop germination.
  • Do two to three ploughings of the soil, followed by two harrowings.
  • Planking should be done after each plowing.
  • Prepared a solid, moist, and consistent seedbed to aid in uniform seed germination.
  • The best time to plant Mustard is between September and October.
  • For consistent spacing, mix the seeds with fine sand.
  • Seeds should be sown at a maximum depth of 6 cm in the soil for improved germination.
NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

DEFICIENCY OF NITROGEN

´Yellowing that starts at the tip and moves along the center of older leaves.

´Stunted growth.
´Defoliation and die back.

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

DEFICIENCY OF POTASSIUM

 

´Necrosis or scorching of tip and margins in older leaves.
´ Defoliation and dieback under severe deficiency.

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water
DEFICIENCY OF MANGANESE
´Interveinal chlorosis in young leaves with checkered effect/coarse mottling; induced by excessively high pH.
  

TREATMENT :

Use Manganese EDTA

0.5 gm per

litre of water

Use Grow

2 ml per litre

of water

                

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                
DEFICIENCY OF IRON
´Interveinal chlorosis primarily on young tissue, which may turn light green to yellowish and white .
´All veins including the smallest ones remain green giving a very fine mottling/ reticulation.

TREATMENT :

Use Ferric EDTA

0.5-01 gm per litre

of water

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

                   

Use SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

                   
DEFICIENCY OF SULFUR
´Yellowing of the youngest pair of leaves.
´Chlorosis of mature leaves with newer leaves smaller in size and more chlorotic than the mature leaves.
´shoot growth is restricted and roots and stems are thinner.

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water
DEFICIENCY OF BORON
´Young leaves smaller, irregular in shape, leathery texture and without chlorosis.
´characteristic death of growing tip which turns black.
´Development of lateral branches resulting in fan-shaped structure.
  

TREATMENT : 

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

        

 Use BLOOM

2 ml per litre

of water

        

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

       

 

DISEASES


A. FUNGAL DISEASES:(i) CONTACT BASED
1. ALTERNARIA BLACK SPOT (Alternaria brassicae)

     

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES:(i) CONTACT BASED
2. CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT (Cercospora brassicicola)

  

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES:(i) CONTACT BASED
3.DOWNY MILDEW(Peronospora parasitica)

  

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES:(i) CONTACT BASED
4.WHITE RUST (Albugo candida)

   

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES:(ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
1. DAMPING OFF (Rhizoctonia solani)

  

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

A. FUNGAL DISEASES:(ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
2. SCLEROTINIA WHITE MOULD

  

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

A. FUNGAL DISEASES:(ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
3.FUSARIUM WILT (Fusarium oxysporum)

 

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

A. FUNGAL DISEASES:(ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
4. VERTICILLIUM WILT (Verticillium dahlia)

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

 

B. VIRAL DISEASES
1. CAULIFLOWER MOSAIC VIRUS

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

         

Use virosol

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

         

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

           

B. VIRAL DISEASES
2. TURNIP MOSAIC VIRUS

  

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

         

Use virosol

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

         

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

           

C. PESTS: (i)CHEWING PESTS
1.HAIRY CATERPILLARS (Spilosoma oblique)

  

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PESTS:(i)CHEWING PESTS
2. MUSTARD SAW FLY (Athalia lugens)
  

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PESTS:(i)CHEWING PESTS
3. DIAMOND BACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella)
  

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PESTS:(ii) SUCKING PESTS
1. MUSTARD APHID(Lipaphis erysimi)

    

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PESTS  :(ii) SUCKING PESTS
2.PAINTED BUG(Bagrada bug)

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water