GROUNDNUT

INTRODUCTION
  • Arachis hypogaea are the scientific name for groundnut, which belongs to the Fabaceae family.
  • Groundnut is a valuable crop that can be grown as a floor crop in a coconut garden as a catch crop after the second crop paddy is irrigated.
  • Stones and clay should not be present in groundnut farming soil, as this would reduce yield.
  • Groundnut farming is not ideal for high altitudes, cold, or frost.
  • Groundnuts thrive in climates with long periods of warm weather.
REQUIREMENTS

• Soil- Sandy loam or clay loam soil.

• Cultivation- Preparatory cultivation.

• pH- 6.0- 6.5

• Temperature- Vegetative growth=26 to 30 ºC depending on the cultivar, Reproduction growth=24-27 ºC.

• Rainfall- Annual rainfall between 450 to 1250 mm.

IRRIGATION
  • Irrigation schedules for summer groundnut have revealed that 11-12 irrigations are ideal.
  • After sowing, one irrigation at 0-10 days, one at 10-30 days, two at 30-50 days, three at 50-80 days, one at 80-90 days, two at 90-105 days, and one at 105-120 days has been determined to be the most effective.
  • Groundnut is drought-resilient in terms of life, but its pod output is greatly reduced if appropriate soil moisture is not maintained, especially during critical growth stages (flowering, pegging of pod development)
  • The potential evapotranspiration during the crop period, as well as the degree of soil cover, dictate the amount of water consumed by the crop.
  • The amount of water required peaks during flowering and continues until pod development.
CULTIVATION
  • The seeds are placed in the soil at a depth of 5-6 cm and lightly pressed to maintain the moisture in place for uniform and quick germination.
  • The soil temperature for sowing should be around 18ºC.
  • Under rain-fed conditions, the best row and plant spacing is 90 cm and 4-7 cm, respectively.
  • If the area is reliant on irrigation, the spacing between rows should be 30 to 35 cm.
  • In order to plant one hectare of land, 100 to 160 kg of seeds are necessary.
  • Seeds are used to propagate groundnuts. Only two weeks before planting, the seeds should be shelled.
  • Groundnut seeds are grown in a nursery before being transplanted to the main field, or they are sown directly in the main field.
  • Because the seeds are easily damaged, they must be handled with care.
  • Seeds that have been exposed to the sun for an extended period of time are also thought to have a low germination rate.
NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

DEFICIENCY OF NITROGEN

´Yellowing that starts at the tip and moves along the center of older leaves.

´Older leaves affected first.
´Leaves are small , uniformly light green or yellowish.
´Bark is yellowish orange.
´Fruit set may be reduced.
    

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water
DEFICIENCY OF CALCIUM
´Growing points of plant may die.
´Younger leaves are affected.
´Root tip die and root growth is slow.
    

TREATMENT :

Use Calcium EDTA

0.5g per litre

of water

   

Use BLOOM

2 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

         
DEFICIENCY OF SULFUR
´Sulphur deficiency is characterized by stunted growth, and general yellowing of plants.
´In some cases and interveinal pattern appears, the veins remaining green. 
´Sulfur deficiency may also delay maturity of groundnut crop.
´ An acute sulfur deficiency causes the entire plant to turn yellow.
     

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water
DEFICIENCY OF MANGANESE
´Manganese deficiency results in an interveinal chlorosis that typically shows on young leaves or new growth,
´In severe situations may be observed on the entire plant.
´ High soil pH levels often result in this deficiency in peanuts, especially if soil levels of Mn are low.
  

TREATMENT :

Use Manganese EDTA

0.5 gm per

litre of water

Use Grow

2 ml per litre

of water

                

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                
DEFICIENCY OF IRON
´In groundnut, first appear as interveinal chlorosis of young rapidly expanding leaves .
´Under sever condition veins also may become chlorotic with white papery leaves.
´These areas later become brown and necrotic leading to death of the leaves and plant.
    

TREATMENT :

Use Ferric EDTA

0.5-01 gm per litre

of water

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

                   

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                   
DEFICIENCY OF BORON
´Growing points die and leaves appear distorted.
´May cause hollow stem and internal browning in cauliflower and internal browning in beets and turnips.
   

TREATMENT : 

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

        

 Use BLOOM

2 ml per litre

of water

        

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

       
DEFICIENCY OF POTASSIUM
´Firing…drying along tips and margins of older leaves crinkled tissue within the veins and chlorotic margins.
´Older leaves affected first, necrosis advancing from margins toward mid-rib.
´Margins may first appear light green and later turn necrotic.
´Smaller, poorly coloured and low acidity fruit.

    

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

DEFICIENCY OF ZINC

Stunted growth while young leaves are smaller than normal.

The leaf lamina will be uneven on both sides.

The leaf becomes chlorotic.

  

TREATMENT :

Use Zinc EDTA

0.5-01 gm per litre

of water.

 Zinc EDTA 12

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

                   

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                   

 

DEFICIENCY OF MAGNESIUM

´Oldest leaves turn yellow between the veins.

´In severe cases, younger leaves may be affected and older leaves may drop off.

´May occur on acid soils, sandy soils, or soils with high potassium levels.

   

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

 

 

DISEASES
A.FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED

1. ANTHRACANOSE (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)

    

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED

2. ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT

     

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED

3. RUST (Puccinia arachidis Speg)
            

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED             
4. POWDERY MILDEW (Cercospora arachidicola Hori)

     

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED              
5. CERCOSPORIDIUM PERSONATUM (Cercospora personata)

    

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC-BASED      

1. CYLINDROCLADIUM PARASITICUM (Cercospora personata)

   

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
2.SCLEROTINIA MINOR (Sclerotinia minor)
    

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
3.PYTHIUM MYRIOTYLIUM (Soft Root Rot)

        

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

 

B. VIRAL DISEASE
1. PEANUT STUNT VIRUS (PSV)

     

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

         

Use virosol

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

         

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

           

B. VIRAL DISEASE

2. PEANUT BUD NECROSIS VIRUS

    

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

         

Use virosol

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

         

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

           

C. PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS
1. CATTERPILLAR (Lepidopteran)
   

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS
2. LEAF MINER (LIRIOMYZA BRASSICAE)

    

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS
3. WHITEGRUB (Holotrichia serrata)

  

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS
4. TERMITE (Isoptera)

   

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(ii) SUCKING PESTS
1. WHITEFLY (Aleyrodidae)

  

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(ii) SUCKING PESTS
  2. APHID (Aphidoidea)
    

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C.PEST:(ii) SUCKING PESTS
3. THRIP (Thysanoptera)
    

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(ii) SUCKING PESTS
4. MEALYBUG (Pseudococcidae)

  

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water