Green Planet

INTRODUCTION

Garlic (Allium sativum) is an important spice and medicinal crop grown worldwide.
It is the second most important bulb crop after onion
It is an herbaceous perennial plant and important spice crop of the world.
The garlic bulb is a multiple or compound bulb consisting of small bulb or bulblets popularly called as cloves.
Garlic has a very strong smell and taste and is used in cooking.

REQUIREMENTS

1. Climate & Temperature

Grows best in cool and dry climates.
Requires 13-24°C for vegetative growth and 30-35°C for bulb development.
Frost-free conditions are ideal for better yield.

2. Soil Requirements

Well-drained, loamy or sandy loam soil with high organic matter.
pH range: 6.0 - 7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral).
Avoid waterlogged or highly alkaline soils.

IRRIGATION

1. Irrigation Requirement

Garlic has a shallow root system and needs frequent but light irrigation.
The total water requirement is around 350-500 mm depending on soil type and climate.
Avoid waterlogging, as garlic is sensitive to excess moisture.

2. Irrigation Schedule

Growth Stage	Irrigation Frequency	Notes
Immediately after sowing	Light irrigation	Ensures proper seed germination
Vegetative Growth (0-60 days)	Every 7-10 days	Critical stage for root and leaf development
Bulb Formation (60-120 days)	Every 6-8 days	Maximum water requirement, ensures bulb swelling
Bulb Maturation (120-150 days)	Reduce irrigation	Helps in curing, prevents fungal diseases
Before Harvest (10-15 days prior)	Stop irrigation	Helps in proper drying and storage quality

3. Best Irrigation Methods

Drip Irrigation (Best method) – Saves water, prevents fungal diseases, and ensures uniform moisture.
Furrow Irrigation – Suitable for medium to heavy soils, avoids direct water contact with bulbs.
Sprinkler Irrigation – Can be used in sandy soils but increases disease risks.

4. Special Tips

? Use mulching to retain soil moisture and reduce irrigation frequency.
? Avoid overhead irrigation during later stages to prevent bulb rot and fungal diseases.
? Monitor soil moisture regularly using tensiometers or by hand feel method.

CULTIVATION

1. Land Preparation

Plow the field 2-3 times to achieve a fine tilth.
Raised beds or ridges improve drainage and aeration.

2. Propagation & Planting

Seed Material:

Garlic is propagated through cloves (each clove grows into a new bulb).
Use healthy, disease-free, medium-sized cloves (8-10 g each).

Planting Time:

Rabi (winter) season: October to December (best for India).
Kharif (rainy season): Limited success, best in hilly regions.

Spacing & Sowing Method:

Spacing: 15 cm row-to-row and 7-10 cm plant-to-plant.
Depth: 2-3 cm deep in soil with the pointed tip facing upwards.
Mulching with straw or dry leaves helps in moisture retention.

PRODUCT RECOMMENDED:

Treat the bulbs of the banana plants with Power Plant Seed Treatment.

NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

1. DEFICIENCY OF ZINC

Growth restricted.
The leaves show interveinal necrosis.
In the early stages of zinc deficiency the younger leaves become yellow and pitting develops in the interveinal upper surfaces of the mature leaves.
As the deficiency progress these symptoms develop into an intense interveinal necrosis but the main veins remain green.

TREATMENT :

Use ZINC EDTA

0.5-01 gm per litre

of water

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

2. DEFICIENCY OF IRON

Complete yellowing of young leaves.
The most common symptom for iron deficiency starts out as an interveinal chlorosis of the youngest leaves, evolves into an overall chlorosis, and ends as a totally bleached leaf.
Iron deficiency is strongly associated with calcareous soils, anaerobic conditions, and it is often induced by an excess of heavy metals.

TREATMENT :

Use Ferric EDTA

0.5-01 gm per litre

of water

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

3. DEFICIENCY OF BORON

Leaves become misshapen, wrinkled, thickened, and darker in color.
Leaves and stems become brittle.
Leaves spiral or twist.
Young leaves may not emerge.
Flowering and fruiting are reduced.

TREATMENT :

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

4. DEFICIENCY OF NTROGEN

Leaves become yellowish green erect and upright curled, wilted and dwarf.
At maturity tissue above bulbs become soft.

TREATMENT :

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

DISEASES

1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

1. Downy Mildew

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

2. Rust

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

3. Purple blotch

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

4. Stemphylium leaf blight

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

5. Black mould

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

1. White rot (Sclerotial rot)

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

2. Fusarium basal rot/basal rot

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

2. FUNGAL DISEASE: SYSTEMIC-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

Botrytis Neck Rot

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

3. VIRUS

1. Garlic mosaic virus (GarMV)

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit 2-3 ml per litre of water
Use virosol 2-3 ml per litre of water
Use PPNP 1 ml per litre of water
Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water

3. VIRUS

2. Iris yellow spot disease

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit 2-3 ml per litre of water
Use virosol 2-3 ml per litre of water
Use PPNP 1 ml per litre of water
Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water