COTTON

INTRODUCTION
  • Cotton is a member of the Malvaceae family, and its scientific name is Gossypium.
  • Cotton is a plant that demands a long period of frost-free weather, as well as a lot of heat and light.
  • It prefers a hot, humid climate.
  • We will not have numerous rainfalls during the maturing (summer) and harvesting days in order to successfully cultivate cotton plants (during autumn).
REQUIREMENTS

•Soil- Alluvial, clayey and red sandy loam.

•Temperature- Daily air temperature =15 degrees C (60° F) for germination.

                        Vegetative growth =21-27 degrees C (70-80°F).

                         Fruiting period=27-32 degrees C (80-90° F).

•Cultivation- The major soil types suitable for cotton cultivation are alluvial, clayey, and red sandy loam. Cotton is grown both under irrigated and rain-fed conditions.

•pH- 5.8 to 8.0.

•Rainfall- It requires at least 500 mm of mean annual rainfall with uniform distribution.

•Susceptibility- They are susceptible to pests.

IRRIGATION
  • It will take 20-25 cm to produce a square.
  • Cotton requires 20-25 cm of water from squaring to first blooming.
  • During boll development, the remaining 10-20 cm is necessary.
  • Cotton crops require a total of 50-70 cm of water.
  • Cotton's growth and output are severely hampered by moisture stress at critical times.
  • Moisture stress during boll development will not only limit output but also have a significant impact on fiber quality.
  • In comparison to regular watering, when the number of irrigations is reduced, the root development is deeper, allowing moisture to be absorbed from deeper levels.
  • During flowering, the crop is vulnerable to moisture stress.
CULTIVATION
  • Cotton cultivation necessitates a long period of frost-free weather and lots of sunlight.
  • Frost is a cotton plant's worst enemy, and growth is slowed when temperatures drop below 20 degrees Celsius.
  • It can be grown with irrigation in locations with lower rainfall (50-100 cm).
  • Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, and Rajasthan account for over 80% of all cotton-irrigated land.
  • High rainfall early in the season and bright, dry weather during the ripening period are both beneficial to a good crop.
  • It takes 6-8 months for it to mature.
  • Picking is a key period that necessitates a large amount of inexpensive and efficient labor, and it lasts for six months.
  • At the time of boll opening and plucking, wet weather and heavy rainfall are damaging, and the plant becomes subject to pests and disease.
NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

1. DEFICIENCY OF NITROGEN

 

´Yellowing that starts at the tip and moves along the center of older leaves.
´Older leaves affected first.
´Leaves are small , uniformly light green or yellowish.
´Bark is yellowish orange.
´Fruit set may be reduced
  

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water
2. DEFICIENCY OF PHOSPHOROUS
´Leaves appear reddish purple.
´Oldest leaves are affected first. Plant growth is stunted.
´Common in acid and alkaline soils.
  

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water
3. DEFICIENCY OF POTASSIUM
´Older leaves affected first, necrosis advancing from margins toward mid-rib.
´Margins may first appear light green and later turn necrotic.
´Smaller, poorly coloured and low acidity fruit.
    

 TREATMENT : 

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

        

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

        
4. DEFICIENCY OF MANGANESE
´Manganese deficiency resulting in stunted plant height, overall pale green appearance and striping most evident in the newer leaves.
´The appearance of manganese deficiency in corn may be short lived if rainfall reduces the oxidation of Mn and/or if root exploration improves Mn uptake.
  

TREATMENT :

Use Manganese EDTA

0.5 gm per

litre of water

Use Grow

2 ml per litre

of water

                

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                
5. DEFICIENCY OF MAGNESIUM
´Oldest leaves turns yellow between the veins.
´In severe cases, younger leaves may be affected and older leaves may drop off.
´May occur on acid soils, sandy soils or soils with high potassium levels.
     

 TREATMENT : 

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

       

Use Grow

2 ml per litre

of water

       

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

      
6. DEFICIENCY OF IRON
´Leaves are pale yellow-green interveinal chlorosis on younger and medium aged leaves, extending to complete yellowing respective paling.
´Necrosis is subsequently spreading from the margin to the interveinal areas. 
   

TREATMENT :

Use Ferric EDTA

0.5-01 gm per litre

of water

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

                   

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                   
7. DEFICIENCY OF SULFUR
´The veins stay green for a while, but at severe deficiency they become chlorotic, too.
´Leaf size as well as general plant size are reduced with few vegetative branches and small bolls.
´ Sulfur deficiency on leaves Nitrogen deficiency is similar in appearance but shows up on the older tissue first.
  

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water
8. DEFICIENCY OF ZINC
´A reddish to necrotic brown discoloration at the leaf margins and the stems may develop on basal plant parts, when deficiency is severe.
´ Internode growth is reduced and leads to a stunted appearance.
´Severe zinc deficiency. Sufficient zinc supply is very important for maize flowering and corn development.
  

TREATMENT :

Use Zinc EDTA

0.5-01 gm per litre

of water

 Zinc EDTA 12

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

                   

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                   
9. DEFICIENCY OF BORON
´Growing points die and leaves appear distorted
´May cause hollow stem and internal browning in cauliflower and internal browning in beet and turnips.

  

TREATMENT :                                                                                                                                                             

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

10. DEFICIENCY OF CALCIUM

´Growing points of plant may die. Younger leaves are affected.

´ Root tip die and root growth is slow.

   

TREATMENT :

Use Calcium EDTA 

0.5g per litre

of water

         Calcium EDTA

Use BLOOM

2 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

         
DISEASES

A.FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED
1. ANTHRACNOSE (Glomerulla gossypii)

    

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED
2. AREOLATE MILDEW (Ramularia gossypii)
      

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A.FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED
3.FUSARIUM WILT  (Fusarium oxysporum)

     

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A.FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED          
 4. LEAF SPOT  (Alternaria macrospora)

     

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A.FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED          
5. POWDERY MILDEW (Leveillula taurica)
    

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED      
6. COTTON RUST  (Puccinia schedonnardii)

       

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED           

 7.  VERTICILLIUM WILT (Verticillium dahlia)

      

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 
A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (i) CONTACT BASED       

 8. GREY MOLD (Botrytis cinerea)

   

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

   

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

                 

A.FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED         

1. BLACK ROOT ROT (Thielaviopsis basicola)

    

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
2. BOLL ROT (Colletotrichum gossypii)

    

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED     

3. CHARCOAL ROT  (Macrophomina phaseolina)

   

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
4. STEM CANKER (Phoma exigua)
  

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
5. DAMPING OFF (Macrophomina phaseoli)

    

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

            

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

B. VIRUS ATTACK
1. ANTHOCYANOSIS

 

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

         

Use virosol

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

         

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

           

B. VIRUS ATTACK
2. BLUE DISEASE (Phytoplasma)
  

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

         

Use virosol

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

         

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

           

B. VIRUS ATTACK
3. COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS
    

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

         

Use virosol

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

         

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

           

B. VIRUS ATTACK
4. COTTON MOSAIC VIRUS

   

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

         

Use virosol

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

         

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

           

 

C. PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS
1. FRUIT BORER (Helicoverpa armigera)

   

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS
2. Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella
   

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS
3. SPOTTED BOLLWORMS (Earias vittella)
   

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C.PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS
4. Stem Weevil (Pempheres affinis)
   

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS
5. STEM BORER (Sphennoptera gossypii)
  

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS
6. LEAF ROLLER (Sylepta derogate)
    

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(i) CHEWING PESTS         
7. Tobacco Cutworm (Spodoptera litura)

 

TREATMENT :

Use Pestohit

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water 

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

 

C. PEST:(ii) SUCKING PESTS
1. WHITEFLY (Aleyrodidae)

    

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(ii) SUCKING PESTS
2. RED COTTON BUG (Dysdercus cingulatusi) 

    

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(ii) SUCKING PESTS
4. MEALYBUG (Pseudococcidae)
   

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(ii) SUCKING PESTS
5. COTTON APHID (Aphidoidea)

  

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

            

C. PEST:(ii) SUCKING PESTS
6. THRIP (Thysanoptera)
      

TREATMENT :

 Use Orgomite

2-3 ml per litre

of water

           

Use PPNP

1 ml per litre

of water

          

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water