Green Planet

INTRODUCTION

Zea mays are the scientific name for maize, which belongs to the Poaceae family.
It is grown throughout the kharif season and cultivated during the rabi season.
Maize is high in starch, fiber, protein, fat, and other nutrients.

REQUIREMENTS

Soil- Loamy soil to Clay soil, deep and well-drained soils.
pH- 5.5 to 6.5.
Temperature- 18°C and 27°C during the day.

14°C during the night.

32°C Critical temperature.

Rainfall- Annual rainfall between 60 cm to 110 cm.
Cultivation- Shifting Cultivation
Susceptibility- Susceptible to frost temperature(0º)

IRRIGATION

Maize crop is sensitive to both moisture stress and excessive moisture, hence regulate irrigation according to the requirement.

Ensure optimum moisture availability during the most critical phase (45 to 65 days after sowing); otherwise yield will be reduced by a considerable extent.

Regulate irrigation according to the following growth phase of the crop.

Germination & establishment phase : 1 to 14 days

Vegetative phase: 15 to 39 days

Flowering phase: 40 to 65 days.

Maturity phase : 66 to 95 days

DRIP IRRIGATION TO MAIZE: Irrigation once in 2 days

CULTIVATION

Maize is planted in rows that are 60-75 cm apart, with plants spaced 20 to 25 cm apart.
To get the best output, you'll need a population of 60-75 thousand plants per hectare at harvest.
Drilling or dropping the seed behind the plow is the most common methods for sowing in rows.
Shifting Cultivation- Maize cultivation is best suited to plain areas.
Dibbling or drilling should be used to sow maize seed. It varies based on the seeding purpose, maize variety, and farm conditions.
Seed should not be sown deeper than 5-6 cm in the soil.

NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

1. DEFICIENCY OF NITROGEN

´Older leaves affected first.

´Leaves are small , uniformly light green or yellowish.

´Tips and margins may show necrosis.

´Bark is yellowish orange.

´Fruit set may be reduced.

TREATMENT :

Use

NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use

SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

2. DEFICIENCY OF MANGANESE

´Manganese deficiency resulting in stunted plant height, overall pale green appearance and striping most evident in the newer leaves.

´The appearance of manganese deficiency in corn may be short lived if rainfall reduces the oxidation of Mn and/or if root exploration improves Mn uptake.

TREATMENT :

Use Manganese EDTA

0.5 gm per

litre of water

Use Grow

2 ml per litre

of water

Use SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

3. DEFICIENCY OF MAGNESIUM

´Oldest leaves turns yellow between the veins.

´In severe cases, younger leaves may be affected and older leaves may drop off.

´May occur on acid soils, sandy soils or soils with high potassium level.

TREATMENT :

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use Grow

2 ml per litre

of water

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

4. DEFICIENCY OF POTASSIUM

´Older leaves affected first, necrosis advancing from margins toward mid-rib.

´Margins may first appear light green and later turn necrotic.

´Smaller,poorly colored and low acidity fruit.

TREATMENT :

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

5. DEFICIENCY OF PHOSPHOROUS

´Leaves appear reddish purple.

´Oldest leaves are affected first. Plant growth is stunted.

´Common in acid and alkaline soils.

TREATMENT :

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use Grow

2 ml per litre

of water

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

DEFICIENCY OF CALCIUM

´Growing points of plant may die. Younger leaves are affected.

TREATMENT :

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use Calcium EDTA

0.5g per litre

of water

Use SPALL90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

DEFICIENCY OF BORON

´Growing points die and leaves appear distorted

´May cause hollow stem and internal browning in cauliflower and internal browning in beets ands turnips.

TREATMENT :

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use BLOOM

2 ml per litre

of water

Use SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

DEFICIENCY OF ZINC

´A reddish to necrotic brown discolouration at the leaf margins and the stems may develop on basal plant parts, when deficiency is severe.

´Internode growth is reduced and leads to a stunted appearance.

´Severe zinc deficiency. Sufficient zinc supply is very important for maize flowering and corn development.

TREATMENT :

Use Zinc EDTA

0.5-01 gm per litre

of water

Use NITROKING

2-3 ml per litre

of water

Use SPALL90

0.5ml per litre

of water

DISEASES

1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

1. ANTHRACANOSE(Colletotrichum graminicola)

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

2. LEAF CURLING (Taphrina deformans)

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

3. POWDERY MILDEW (Peronosclerospora sorghi)

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

4. DOWNY MILDEW (Peronosclerospora sorghi)

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

1. FUNGAL DISEASE: CONTACT-BASED FUNGAL DISEASE

5. SHEATH BLIGHT (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii)

TREATMENT :

Use PPFC

2-3 gm per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED

1. HEAD SMUT (Sphacelotheca reiliana)

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
2.ANTHRACANOSE STALK ROT(Colletotrichugraminicola)

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
3.CHARCOAL ROT (Macrophomina phaseolina)

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
4. FUSARIUM STALK ROT (F.verticillioides)

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

A. FUNGAL DISEASES: (ii) SYSTEMIC BASED
5.GIBBERELLA STALK ROT(Gib- berella zeae)

TREATMENT :

Use Fungohit

2-3ml per litre

of water

Use SpAll90

0.5 ml per litre

of water

B.VIRUS ATTACK
1. MAIZE CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit 2-3 ml per litre of water
Use virosol 2-3 ml per litre of water
Use PPNP 1 ml per litre of water
Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water

B.VIRUS ATTACK
2. MAIZE LETHAL NECROSIS(MLN)

TREATMENT :

Use Virohit 2-3 ml per litre of water
Use virosol 2-3 ml per litre of water
Use PPNP 1 ml per litre of water
Use SpAll90 0.5 ml per litre of water